12/23/2023 0 Comments Diptic diffuse idiopathic![]() Bone may grow excessively in other areas of the skeleton including the shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, ankles, feet, hands, and ribs. Bone can also form in other areas and on other types of connective tissues like tendons (e.g. cords connecting two bones) connect the bones of the spine (e.g. In particular, bone forms most frequently at areas where ligaments (e.g. Furthermore, in Poland, patients are required to cover the full cost of filling pharmaceutical prescriptions.What is diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis?ĭiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is a disorder in which bone forms on areas where it should not. In particular, the WWHAM protocol is not followed in Poland. The lack of a similar pharmaceutical care plan in Poland may have an impact on patient health. Discussion Polish patients expressed a high degree of interest in all pharmaceutical services that are currently offered by community pharmacies in England, but not in Poland. The analysis showed that in almost all aspects, the opinions of Polish and British patients were statistically different (p<0.05). Every third Polish patient who did not fill a prescription reported that their decision was made because of financial difficulties. We also found that a higher proportion of prescriptions were not filled in Poland (12.2%, n=51) versus England (1.5%, n=6). The WWHAM protocol is not obligatory in Poland. Differences between the responses from Poland and England were found regarding the use of the WWHAM protocol, with 65.9% (n=275) of Polish patients implying that none of the WWHAM questions had been asked by the pharmacist compared with 10.6% (n=43) of patients in England. In both countries, patients considered their knowledge of medicines to be either very good (Poland, 19.9%, n=83 England, 23.0%, n=93) or good (Poland, 48.9%, n=204 England, 46.9%, n=190). In both Poland and England, 75% of the patients expressed high expectations for all the pharmaceutical care services detailed in our survey, including measurement of blood glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure and body weight, training in inhalation techniques and inhaler use for asthmatic patients, provision of glucometers for diabetic patients and digital blood pressure monitors for individuals with high blood pressure, and guidance on smoking cessation. Altogether, n=417 individuals from 36 pharmacies in Poland (voievodships: Mazowieckie, Pomorskie, and Dolnoslaskie) and n=405 individuals from 56 pharmacies in England (Cambridgeshire, Essex, Northamptonshire, and Norfolk) completed the questionnaire and were included in the present analysis. By contrast, there was a high level of patient satisfaction in England. Results Given the nature of the questionnaire, it was not surprising that the majority of the comments were negative with regard to patient satisfaction with pharmacy performance in Poland. Ethical approval was not required for this study. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 8.0. Space was provided for additional comments. The response rate of eligible participants was 55.6% (n=417/750) for 36 pharmacies in Poland and 54.0% (n=405/750) for 56 pharmacies in England. A four-page questionnaire was distributed to a number of community pharmacies in England and Poland, which were located in various villages and towns, to obtain the responses of different patient groups. ![]() Methods A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed to pharmacy-visiting patients in England and Poland between Jan-Aug 2011. As such, the aims of the present study were to survey differences in patient perception of community pharmacies in Poland and England, and to compare patients’ expectations and preferences for the existing pharmaceutical services provided in England. Moreover, Polish health authorities do not require the involvement of Polish pharmacists in the deployment of pharmaceutical care. While British pharmaceutical education emphasises a clinical aspect to care, Polish pharmaceutical education lacks clinical emphasis. ![]() In England, a wide range of pharmaceutical services covered by private schemes or by the National Health Service are available in community pharmacies however, comparable pharmaceutical services are not currently offered in Polish community pharmacies. In Poland, there is currently no pharmaceutical care model tailored to the country’s healthcare system. Introduction Pharmaceutical care improves patients’ health by monitoring the effects of pharmaceutical treatment and reduces the costs of the treatment through medication management schemes.
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